COSEWIC status reports are working documents used in assigning the status of wildlife species suspected of being at risk. In 2015, COSEWIC re-assessed Peary caribou as Threatened. COSEWIC designated Peary caribou of the Queen Elizabeth Islands (the “High Arctic”) population and Banks Island as endangered, and the Prince of Wales-Somerset, Boothia and Dolphin and Union (collectively, “Low Arctic”) populations as threatened in 1991. Peary caribou were listed as Endangered under the Species at Risk Act in February 2011. The World Conservation Union assessed Peary caribou as endangered in 1996. Male caribou are called bulls and weigh around 150kg, while females are called cows and weigh around 90kg. COSEWIC assessment and update status report on the Peary caribou Rangifer tarandus pearyi and the barren-ground caribou Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus (Dolphin and Union population) in Canada. Canada is the only country the Peary Caribou inhabits, and thus it’s Canada’s responsibility to prevent this species’ extinction. The biggest threat and limiting factor towards the growth and decline of the Peary Caribou population is the annual variability in the severity of winter, which can cause an entire herd to starve if too many harsh winters occur in a row. In 2004, COSEWIC designated Peary caribou in Canada as Endangered because their populations continued to decline to critically low levels. This report may be cited as follows: COSEWIC 2004. An iconic Canadian species With its distinctive tall and flat antlers, the caribou is one of Canada’s most recognizable species, inhabiting the Arctic as well as boreal and mountain regions.